Tenancy agreements: what they are and how they work
A tenancy agreement is a legal contract between a landlord and a tenant. It explains what each person must do during the tenancy.
What a tenancy agreement covers
It will usually include:
- how much rent you must pay
- which repairs the landlord must do
- how the tenancy can end.
Under the Renters’ Rights Act, tenancy agreements must not include a rent review clause. Take a look at changes to tenancy agreements under the Renters' Rights Act 2026.
How a tenancy agreement is made
A tenancy agreement can be agreed in writing or verbally.
It’s made when a landlord lets someone live in a property for an agreed rent. Once this happens, housing law applies, even if nothing is written down.
A full written tenancy agreement is better, as it helps to :
- avoid confusion later
- make responsibilities clear
- reduce disputes.
But if the agreement is verbal, the landlord must at least give the tenant a written statement of the main terms.
If you are unsure about your agreement, get independent legal advice.
Legal responsibilities
Landlords have certain legal responsibilities. For example, carrying out certain repairs.
These duties cannot be passed to the tenant by a tenancy agreement.
If the law says the landlord must do a repair, the tenant cannot be made responsible for it.
Having problems with your landlord?
Find out what to do if you have problems with a private landlord or agent.